（雅思課外精讀）新冠疫情中沃爾瑪成為美國零售業(yè)的贏家

隨著留學市場的不斷發(fā)展，越來越多的學生選擇留學。如果你也是想要留學的學生之一，那么你就需要參加語言考試，其中雅思托福就是最為常見的英語考試，下面中國教育在線外語頻道小編就為大家介紹一下【雅思課外精讀】新冠疫情中，沃爾瑪成為美國零售業(yè)的贏家。

*注：本文摘自11月21日《經濟學人》

Beastly earnings暴利Walmart has another stellar quarter沃爾瑪會迎來一個發(fā)展之期The pandemic is producing clear winners and losers among Americas retailers新冠疫情中，美國零售業(yè)的贏家和輸家正在產生

1. HOW HAVE Americas retailers coped with covid-19? Were still learning, declared John Furner, who runs Walmarts vast American operations, on November 17th, as the supermarket giant reported third-quarter results. He is being too modest. Walmart, as well as a handful of other big firms such as Target, its smaller rival, and Home Depot, a DIY Goliath benefiting from housebound home-improvers staring at dingy walls and outdated kitchens, are thriving.

美國的零售商是如何應對新冠疫情的?11月17日，在超市巨頭沃爾瑪公布第三季度業(yè)績時，負責沃爾瑪美國業(yè)務的約翰弗納稱:我們還在努力學習。他太謙虛了。沃爾瑪和其他一些大公司，如其較小的競爭對手塔吉特(Target)和DIY巨頭家得寶(Home Depot)，都在蓬勃發(fā)展。家得寶從那些困守家中只能盯著家里臟兮兮的墻壁和毫無時尚感的廚房的居家人士身上賺得盆滿缽滿。

2. Paul Lejuez of Citigroup, a bank, described the three months to October as another stellar quarter for Walmart. Total global revenues increased by 5.2%, year on year, to $135bn. If anything, international sales, which grew by just 1.3%, dragged down strong performance in America, which accounts for the bulk of revenues; Walmart has said it will sell most of its flagging Japanese supermarkets. By contrast, domestic comparable-store sales, a standard industry metric, rose by 6.4%. Home Depots quarterly revenues shot up by 23% compared with a year ago, to $33.5bn, keeping up the previous quarters pace. Targets operating profit nearly doubled to $1.9bn.

花旗銀行的Paul Lejuez將截止到今年十月的沃爾瑪第三季度稱作是又一個輝煌季度。沃爾瑪全球總收入同比增長5.2%，達到1350億美元。如果說有什么不足的話，就是沃爾瑪國際銷售額僅增長了1.3%，拖了后腿，畢竟美國市場正在強勁增長中，而國際銷售額是沃爾瑪收入的主要來源。沃爾瑪表示，將出售旗下大部分效益不好的日本超市。相比之下，作為行業(yè)標準衡量標準的國內同店銷售額增長了6.4%。家得寶的季度收入與去年同期相比增長了23%，達到335億美元，保持了上一季度的增長速度。塔吉特的營業(yè)利潤幾乎翻了一番，達到19億美元。

3. Shining retail stars mask darkness elsewhere in the industry. American shoppers rebounded faster than elsewhere in the rich world (see chart). But retail sales grew by just 0.3% last month, compared with the one before, the slowest in half a year. They softened in most of the 13 categories tracked. As investors swooned over Walmart and Home Depot, Kohls, a middling retail chain, reported falling revenues. The distinction between the haves and the have-nots has gotten even sharper, says Simeon Gutman of Morgan Stanley, an investment bank.

零售業(yè)明星企業(yè)的迅速發(fā)展使人們忽視了這個行業(yè)的問題。美國消費者的反彈速度比其他發(fā)達國家都要快(見圖表)。但是上個月的零售額與之前相比僅增長了0.3%，是半年來最慢的。在被追蹤的13個零售商品類別中，大多數都出現了疲軟。當投資者因沃爾瑪和家得寶的增長感到暈眩時，中等規(guī)模的零售連鎖企業(yè)科爾(Kohls)報告收入下降。投資銀行摩根斯坦利的Simeon Gutman說:大企業(yè)和小企業(yè)之間的分化更加嚴重了。

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4. Mr Gutman points to the successful firms superior management of diverse, global supply chains. This allows shoppers to satisfy most of their retail needs in one storeparticularly important in a pandemic, when people are keen to limit their outings. Walmarts customers make fewer trips to the store but spend more whenever they do, he notes.

Gutman指出，這些大公司對其全球供應鏈進行了卓越的管理，使得顧客能夠在一家店里買到大部分商品，這在疫情期間尤為重要，因為疫情期間人們都在盡力減少出行。他說，沃爾瑪的顧客去商店的次數減少了，但花的錢卻更多了。

5. The star retailers biggest edge, though, comes from e-commerce. Walmart in particular upped its e-game just in time to benefit from a pandemic surge in online shopping. A survey of American shoppers by McKinsey, a consultancy, found that kerbside pick-up has nearly doubled from pre-covid levels, and in-store click and collect sales have shot up by nearly 50% from last year. Walmarts digital sales leapt by nearly 80% in the latest quarter, year on year, to $10bn. That is still less than 8% of revenuesbut more than in the whole of 2016, according to Morgan Stanley. The fast-approaching holiday shopping season is likely to bring even more online sales than usual, says Mr Gutman.

這些明星零售企業(yè)的優(yōu)勢還是來自電子商務。尤其是沃爾瑪，它及時升級了其電子游戲，導致其在疫情期間的網絡購物中獲益頗多。麥肯錫咨詢公司對美國消費者的一項調查發(fā)現，街道提貨比新冠之前幾乎翻了一番，而店內點擊提貨的銷售額比去年上升了近50%。沃爾瑪的數字銷售額在最近一個季度同比增長了近80%，達到100億美元。摩根士丹利稱，這仍不到總收入的8%，但已經超過了2016年的全年水平。Gutman表示，快速臨近的假日購物季可能會帶動比以往更多的在線銷售。

6. By doubling down on digital, Walmart is taking on Amazons e-emporium. The tech giant is not taking this lying down. On November 17th it launched its long-awaited digital pharmacy. This threatens not just chemists such as Walgreens and CVS but also Walmart, which sells prescription drugs in over 4,000 of its big-box stores. When it comes to e-commerce, Mr Furners humility is fully justified.

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